[Untitled photo, possibly related to: Pupil in rural school. Williams Country, North Dakota]
Photographer: Russell Lee, Library of Congress, FSA Administration

The Antidote: Resources + Further Reading

This photograph shows a recently built mud lodge standing near the former boy's dormitory of the defunct Pawnee Indian boarding school on the Pawnee reservation in Oklahoma. It symbolizes the cultural resiliency of the Pawnee people to withstand and outlast harmful federal policies of ethnocide and coercive assimilation.

—Dr. James Riding In, April 22, 2023

Map of Pawnee lands, from Nation to Nation: Treaties Between the United States and American Indian Nations (National Museum of the American Indian and Smithsonian Books, 2014). @ Smithsonian Institute

The Mukurtu Portal (still under construction) can be accessed here.

The Mukurtu Portal will provide valuable information about Pawnee history and culture, including treaties, government documents, newspaper articles, court cases, first hand narratives, photographs, newspaper articles, works of fiction, and traditional ecological knowledge. With the project’s federal funding ending, the work continues through the efforts of volunteers and donors. For more information on ways to support this project, contact mukurtuportalinfo@gmail.com

More Resources

  • Reconciliation Rising

    A multimedia project that showcases the lives and work of Indigenous and non-Indigenous people in the U.S. who are engaged in honestly confronting painful and traumatic histories, promoting meaningful and respectful dialogue between Natives and non-Natives, and creating pathways to reconciliation.

  • Descendants of Dewitty / Audacious, NE